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PLoSGenet.Aug25;12(8):e.

GlucoseSensorMdHXK1PhosphorylatesandStabilizesMdbHLH3toPromoteAnthocyaninBiosynthesisinApple.

HuDG1,SunCH1,ZhangQY1,AnJP1,YouCX1,HaoYJ1.

Authorinformation

1NationalKeyLaboratoryofCropBiology,NationalResearchCenterforAppleEngineeringandTechnology,CollegeofHorticultureScienceandEngineering,ShandongAgriculturalUniversity,Tai-An,Shandong,China.

Abstract

Glucoseinducesanthocyaninaccumulationinmanyplantspecies;however,themolecularmechanisminvolvedinthisprocessremainslargelyunknown.Here,wefoundthatapplehexokinaseMdHXK1,aglucosesensor,wasinvolvedinsensingexogenousglucoseandregulatinganthocyaninbiosynthesis.InvitroandinvivoassayssuggestedthatMdHXK1interacteddirectlywithandphosphorylatedananthocyanin-associatedbHLHtranscriptionfactor(TF)MdbHLH3atitsSersiteinresponsetoglucose.Furthermore,boththehexokinase_2domainandsignalpeptidearecrucialfortheMdHXK1-mediatedphosphorylationofMdbHLH3.Moreover,phosphorylationmodificationstabilizedMdbHLH3proteinandenhanceditstranscriptionoftheanthocyaninbiosynthesisgenes,therebyincreasinganthocyaninbiosynthesis.Finally,aseriesoftransgenicanalysesinapplecalliandfruitsdemonstratedthatMdHXK1controlledglucose-inducedanthocyaninaccumulationatleastpartially,ifnot







































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